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A boat's electrical system starts with a battery that will supply the electricity for the boat. The system is usually 12 volt DC (direct current), but can be 6 volt, 12 volt or 24 volt depending on how many and what type of batteries the system is designed for. For this article, the system discussed is a 12 volt system.
A boat's wiring is a two wire system. One wire goes from the battery to the light or instrument to be used and a second wire returns to the battery from the light or instrument to complete the circuit. In a Direct Current system the electricity flows only in one direction. The electricity flows from the battery to the light and then back to the battery. Each item used will have its own two wires, one to get power to it, and one to return the electricity. This is a very simple explanation of how a boat is wired.
The batteries that that are used on a boat are of 3 basic types. They are a wet cell battery similar to the type used in a car, a gel cell battery and an AGM or Absorbed-glass mat battery. All of these types are rechargeable. The battery capaci...